The correct internal-inductance of Windfeld cart.?

OK Dave,
if you would have ever worked with an SUT you'd give me less of a hard time.

I might misread what you try to tell me -- but it sounds like: bumble bees can't fly i.e. must be due also to the: "first law of thermodynamics"...

Please forgive my lack of stamina with all this, at least nobody can say we haven't tried. I will also not ask for a job as physics teacher either, now that I have so miserably failed with such a basic matter as a step-up transformer.

I feel like Galileo must have during inquisition trial: and say it still works...

I'm out of thermodynamics right now.
Greetings,
Axel
PS: your missing thermodynamics come from the rotation of the platter, that imparts energy into the cart, that imparts energy into the coil, that imparts.... don't go ask me now about why the platter is turning, please.

Thanks for your input, Dave.

If I have said anything technically incorrect i'll gladly accept corrections and apologize for errors I have made.

dave

Dear Axel and Dave: This dialogue was/is a learning one for me and I'm sure that for other people too, thank you to share your knowledge about.

What I confirm through it is that the SUT option in a non perfect world ( like the audio one. ) has several trade-offs and by my experience with commercial SUT's ( many too many to name it: from Expressive Technologies to the lowest AT model. ) no one till today can beat a good active gain design at least not the one I'm using ( but I heard other today active gain stages that are really good too. ).

Axel, I don't have any doubt that for what you already heard through SUTs your bias are on them against an active Phonlinepreamp but I wonder if you already experienced the " right " active gain devices.

Nothing is perfect ( SUT or active gain devices. ) but my " bias " ( till today ) is on active gain Phonolinepreamps, I like/prefer its trade-offs over the SUT ones. Maybe is time to make a SUT design journey, I can't say if it is worth to do it.

Anyway again thank's to both of you.

Regards and enjoy the music.
Raul.

Hi Raul,
I have to admit getting a bit exasperated by Dave's not understanding what a generator is. Yet he otherwise seems to ask relevant questions, but always sounding more like the ‘Doubting Thomas’ -- a saint never the less?

Don't know if it is so hard to understand, or just to know, that if you put more load (ask more current) from a generator you have to drive it harder! Whether on your bicycle or shovelling more coal, and raise more steam in the turbine house. If you don't, the lights go out, right?

I thought any technically informed person would know, - a wrong assumption? Hey, pork chops come from a pig, not a plastic bag from the super market. Even if that’s the way we always see it. Must be getting old, sorry.

If the MC which I explained is a generator, it has no issue to deliver more current, the energy comes from your tt motor, turning the platter, moving the stylus in the groove, moving the coil in the magnet (A GENERATOR!!) etc. etc. etc.
So an MC is NOT a constant current source, as I also explained, uff.

If we may finally accept that very fact, the rest aught to come easy. You practically get 20 times (in the example based on a 1:31.6 ratio 30dB SUT) the voltage free! So who cares about some smallish loss (inter-winding capacitance, leakages, thermal losses, etc.) it is a FRACTION of what you get for FREE.

So that is not the issue at all, the issue is more what regards sound quality!
Any how, Raul, it will need some work, AND understanding about the cart matching the SUT.
And NOT if the dang thing works in the first place. I don’t know why I get so rattled by this. Like go argue with me if a wheel can turn, please…

Back to the SUT match. EVERY different SUT winding ratio results in what acceptable terminology calls a ‘natural impedance’ on the primary side, the one connected to the cart.

This is of course also determined by the input impedance of the pre-amp, usually 47k. It can not easily be upped as you Raul, have done to e.g. 70k or even 100k because you have to change a phono-pre's build-in load resistor(s). It is lots easier to lower this impedance by simply putting some R value in parallel with the secondary SUT output, the one connected to the phono-pre.

If you do that, you will however start electrically damping the SUT, which can be a good thing if it give you a resonance problem --- BUT it actually is a crude / shortcut. Dave asked what if he puts a 10ohm!! resistor there, a practical short circuit, you just have damped the hell out of it, so that NOTHING (no current) will be left to go to the phono-pre. It was a rhetorical question, OK.

If resonance damping of a SUT is required (and most don’t it seems) than a RC (creating a notch filter) on the secondary is the way to do it. You'd better know the INDUCTANCE (the L yes) of the cart and the SUT and start figuring out the resonance frequency in the SUT so you can get values for R and C. Usually in the ~ 200-300ohm and ~ 60-160pF region. Don't take my word for it, it needs to be calculated and then tested for sure.

Raul, are you still with me? I go into that, since if you want to do some testing as you suggested this is where it’s at.

I mentioned ‘natural impedance’ at the primary, i.e. the cart end. It is 47ohm with 47k phono-pre input impedance(like most all pres) and a 1:31.6 winding ratio (30dB gain) that give you just that (47k/31.6^2)= 47ohm, that the maths.

But now watch! To enable the cart to ‘pump’ current (that ‘for free’ stuff!) it has to be impedance matched to the SUT. Impedance matching is NOT a must, but it will give you the best, absolute very best, power transfer from cart to primary (no reflections as they say, ‘cause we are dealing with AC, right?)

Next, a rough check with you cart's output is also required i.e. am I going to create an over-load in the phono-pre?!

DON’T even think to offer more than 7.5mV to the pre, even though most will state 10mV over-load margin. The midpoint target spec. is 4.7mV it’s why most MM and HO-MCs target output around there.
So how do you check that quickly?
Vcart * winding ratio, my example was 0.3mV * 31.6 = 9.48mV !!!!!!!

According to what I just said this suggests we are too high, i.e. this cart would need a 26dB SUT rather, than a 30dB, right? WRONG!!

Of course if you have a lower one it will work also, but you have to open the phono-pre volume control some more (unless you got some fancy beast like me, with variable input gain).

So why are we now wrong in this case?
We are wrong, because I know that this cart will be no where near at its best going into a 47 ohm impedance.
(STOP! You’ll say but we always would put about 100 ohm, and the PW in the example likes even more 500,... 1k!)

Now we are back with that bone that Dave is still chewing, we are operating a cart in “current mode” by using an SUT. This means the loading parameters are NOT comparable at all to “voltage mode” i.e. going straight into a phono-pre (with out a step-up trannie).
I explained some about electro-mechanical cart damping and 'plain' resistive loading (pulling more current) earlier, so let’s just continue.

The closest value of output IMPEDANCE of a cart is somewhere 2.5*DCR. In our PW example 4ohm*2.5= 10ohm (usually also the quoted minimum loading by the manufacturer --- if that cart could be used with an SUT!).
More than 0.4mV cart output in NON-SUT territory!

Let’s look back at “voltage mode” loading, and you will find it is rather more like 25 * RDC i.e. our example 25 * 4 = 100 ohm, and pretty usual at that.

On top I’d said WRONG!! when looking at phono-pre overload and step-up ratio. So let’s look at that some more. It is because:
“When the resistive load is equal to the internal impedance of the cartridge, the cartridge output voltage is reduced by 1/2.”
It's one way to say it nicely, or:
"When the input-impedance is matched to a source's output-impedance, the output voltage is halfed and the current transfere is at it’s maximum.

That impedance matching, you can go look it up in the science book.

This said, let’s look at our apparent 9.48mV overload example again and see what gives:
Vpre = Rload / (Rload + DCRcart) * Vcart * winding ratio
Vpre = 10 / (10 + 4) * 0.3 * 31.6 = 6.77mV !!!!!!

So, that done we know the SUT is still a match. A bit on the high side but still under our self-imposed limit of 7.5mV.

And that’s it Raul. If you familiar with it it’s less involved than what it looks like, but just hitching a trannie to a cart without considering the above is no good at all.
Lastly, there is this by many beloved cart the DL-103 with most of them having about 40ohm DCR and 0.3mV output.
In this here case you might get away without resistive loading i.e.
DL-103 cart min. load impedance 2.5 * 40 = ~ 100ohm
1:22 ratio (20DB gain)= 47k/22^ 2= 47k/484 = 97ohm natural impedance.
Hey, this looks very well within the assumed 100 ohm load and should work just fine ---- BUT as always YMMV.
I have not tried it but at least the maths would suggest it to be a good match.
Greetings,
Axel