I find my vintage Shure V15 type III a very satisfying listen. Was a superb cartridge in its day and still runs with the big dogs today.
What's your go-to cheapie cartridge?
Let's say $300 or less. This would be your "y'know, this thing is pretty darn musical even though I've got higher end carts" cartridge. In my case I'd have to say it's my 103R. Not as transparent or fast as a lot of my better carts, but it sails smoothly through the grooves and just sounds good.