Horns vs Ribbons vs Dyanamic

Horns - can be shrill if not done properly
dynamic high output

ribbons - can be silky smooth with no coloration
if done right - they sing

planar - quick fast detailed, large projection
only trade off - some lack low bass and pinpoint imaging

electrostatic - a form of planar speaker

I'll let the techs give you a more detailed analysis

ps - don't get overwhelmed by what parts drivers are used
listen to a lot of speakers on a lot of different material
especially acoustic music

seamless intergration, disappearing cabinets, pinpoint imaging, dynamics, etc these will all be evident in the best speakers

critical things - what size is your room, is it reflective or deadening, type of music, amount to spend, electronics (particularly amp and pre amp)

just buy speakers you like the sound of, and don't fret over the design or style....of course you already know this.

Audiotomb made a good start,

Horns - tendency to honk/shrillness but sound good with trumpet and are very easy to drive with low power amps.

Ribbons - tweeters are often unreliable, long ribbons behave like planars....lots of reverberation/ambience

Planar - lots of ambience and radiation in all directions means room placement is critical. They also beam (some designs used curved surfaces but this is a problem of any large radiating surface) and are hard to drive. These are almost never used in pro audio - so that tells you a lot.

Dynamic (box speakers) - the most popular form of speaker both in consumer and pro audio and for very good reasons. Accuracy, sound quality, reliability and price are generally unmatched by all other competing designs, which is why there are so many of them.

Electrostatic (????) - same as planar