Audiotomb made a good start,
Horns - tendency to honk/shrillness but sound good with trumpet and are very easy to drive with low power amps.
Ribbons - tweeters are often unreliable, long ribbons behave like planars....lots of reverberation/ambience
Planar - lots of ambience and radiation in all directions means room placement is critical. They also beam (some designs used curved surfaces but this is a problem of any large radiating surface) and are hard to drive. These are almost never used in pro audio - so that tells you a lot.
Dynamic (box speakers) - the most popular form of speaker both in consumer and pro audio and for very good reasons. Accuracy, sound quality, reliability and price are generally unmatched by all other competing designs, which is why there are so many of them.
Electrostatic (????) - same as planar
Horns - tendency to honk/shrillness but sound good with trumpet and are very easy to drive with low power amps.
Ribbons - tweeters are often unreliable, long ribbons behave like planars....lots of reverberation/ambience
Planar - lots of ambience and radiation in all directions means room placement is critical. They also beam (some designs used curved surfaces but this is a problem of any large radiating surface) and are hard to drive. These are almost never used in pro audio - so that tells you a lot.
Dynamic (box speakers) - the most popular form of speaker both in consumer and pro audio and for very good reasons. Accuracy, sound quality, reliability and price are generally unmatched by all other competing designs, which is why there are so many of them.
Electrostatic (????) - same as planar