Does anyone care to ask an amplifier designer a technical question? My door is open.


I closed the cable and fuse thread because the trolls were making a mess of things. I hope they dont find me here.

I design Tube and Solid State power amps and preamps for Music Reference. I have a degree in Electrical Engineering, have trained my ears keenly to hear frequency response differences, distortion and pretty good at guessing SPL. Ive spent 40 years doing that as a tech, store owner, and designer.
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Perhaps someone would like to ask a question about how one designs a successfull amplifier? What determines damping factor and what damping factor does besides damping the woofer. There is an entirely different, I feel better way to look at damping and call it Regulation , which is 1/damping.

I like to tell true stories of my experience with others in this industry.

I have started a school which you can visit at http://berkeleyhifischool.com/ There you can see some of my presentations.

On YouTube go to the Music Reference channel to see how to design and build your own tube linestage. The series has over 200,000 views. You have to hit the video tab to see all.

I am not here to advertise for MR. Soon I will be making and posting more videos on YouTube. I don’t make any money off the videos, I just want to share knowledge and I hope others will share knowledge. Asking a good question is actually a display of your knowledge because you know enough to formulate a decent question.

Starting in January I plan to make these videos and post them on the HiFi school site and hosted on a new YouTube channel belonging to the school.


128x128ramtubes
Sir---- I cannot get any responses on the Digital forum to my query about the variables affecting the implementation of dac chips in dac units. So, I hop that you can address this question for me. [My private email address is zimmerma@sfu.ca if you prefer to address it is private.] 
Here is my formation of the question:

What makes for good implementation in a dac?

By now it is conventional wisdom on this digital site and others that the dac chip itself counts for comparatively little of the overall quality of the unit. The slogan has become something like: "The chips 10%, the implementation 90%." However, I cannot recall any very detailed discussion of precisely what very good to excellent to superb implementation actually involves. 
Yes, there are general references to the quality of the power supply and especially to the quality of the analogue output stage; but nothing [that I can recollect, anyway] that goes deeply into the details....
So, I raise that question here. I do hope that the technologically adept members of this forum can address it, with some attention to the various dimensions of implementation, e.g. op amps vs tubes in the analogue output stage, some concrete examples of brands and models that do it well and do it badly.  
 
I can say from Roger's perspective that while he listens to digital sources, I am not sure he would comment on their circuit designs given his lack of interest in manufacturing such a unit. Roger is all about research first and foremost, as a great designer should be. From my conversations with him I don't think he has done much of the research necessary to formulate a response to your questions. Of course I could be wrong and I'm sure others with an opinion might chime in.

I for one, having tried both, always felt that tubes really don't add much value in digital sources. Yes I'm sure the "it's all in the implementation" folks will jump all over that one, perhaps the "jitter" folks as well, but that is just my experience. I've been using the same DAC for 12 years now and have had others in for audition, but the incumbent stays. Is it the PCM 1704 chips? The battery powered output stage? The direct coupled design? The Word Clock output? Not sure, but all I know is nothing else makes me want to replace it.
I cannot recall any very detailed discussion of precisely what very good to excellent to superb implementation [of a DAC] actually involves.
Yes, there are general references to the quality of the power supply and especially to the quality of the analogue output stage; but nothing (that I can recollect, anyway) that goes deeply into the details....

IMO a major reason that the discussions you referred to have not delved very deeply into the details is simply that the details that are involved in the design of a high quality DAC, and the opportunities for the designer to overlook subtle issues that can adversely affect performance, are so vast in number that it would be impractical to address them in anything resembling a comprehensive manner. And it would be misleading to single out just a few of those details for discussion, while overlooking countless others.

That is of course true to some extent in any sophisticated electronic design, but it is especially true in the design of a component that encompasses high speed digital circuitry, D/A converter circuitry, and analog circuitry all in close proximity.

One major variable that usually seems to be overlooked in such discussions is the criticality of the design of the printed circuit board itself, including where the chips are placed, how signals are routed within the board, and how power and analog and digital grounds are distributed and "decoupled" (loose translation: "kept pure").

Take a quick look at the Table of Contents of the book "High Speed Digital Design: A Handbook of Black Magic," written by a noted authority and consultant on that subject, and at some of the pdf’s linked to in the "Downloads" section near the bottom of the latter page. You’ll get a small idea of the complexities that can be involved in the design of purely digital high speed circuits. Add D/A converter circuits and analog circuits into the mix and the opportunities for a design to become less than optimal grow dramatically.

As the saying goes, the devil is in the details. And IMO what usually accounts for much and perhaps most of the difference between very good and excellent and superb implementation is simply the knowledge, expertise, and experience of the designer.

Regards,
-- Al


One major variable that usually seems to be overlooked in such discussions is the criticality of the design of the printed circuit board itself, including where the chips are placed, how signals are routed within the board, and how power and analog and digital grounds are distributed and "decoupled" (loose translation: "kept pure").
My take on it is layout. A single misplaced trace can shoot down your design because of the noise it can make. And Al is correct- this is merely the tip of the iceberg.