Balanced connection/amplification for phono?


Here's a poser I don't know the answer to: Phono cartridges are inherently electrically-balanced devices. They output an extremely low-level signal, which must then be carried on low-loss cabling (both within the tonearm, where cabling must obviously be lightly constructed, and the interconnects leading away from the 'table, where demands of optimal signal-transmission can be at odds with the use of heavy shielding) and pre-preamplified to a high gain factor, both areas susceptible to signal degradation via environmentally-borne RFI/EMI contamination. Yet despite the importance of maintaining high signal-to-noise ratios in these wires and circuits under difficult conditions, few turntables or phonostages offer fully-balanced connection and topology, and most audiophiles must connect and amplify their naturally-balanced phono cartridges in single-ended mode while employing relatively noisy, lossy RCA jacks. Why is it that phono connections and low-level preamplification aren't routinely carried out in electrically-balanced mode, so as to take full advantage of the penalty-free (aside from cost) noise-cancellation properties (regarding both signal transmission, and self-noise/distortion of the high-gain amplification) enjoyed by complementary circuits? This would seem to me to be an easy conclusion, and yet it's something fairly rare to find. Can you guys enlighten me as to why this should be the case?
zaikesman
I gotta agree that balanced connections are the way to go. Heck, that's why my top phono stage is done that way. It's beneficial in both interconnects and amplification. So many inherent benefits. The problem is that it costs so much, twice as many tubes!

Still, (to be a pain in the axx), you can't make a balanced signal generator with just two wires. +/- is the same as +/0 and 0/-. They are all identical.

jh
Hagtech...A balanced line can be implemented with a two terminal source by leaving both the source wires ungrounded and providing a ground reference through a pair of resistors at the destination input. This configuration was used for powering AC tube filaments before we had good low voltage/high current diodes to provide DC. The resistors were usually implemented by a rheostat, ground on the slider, which was adjusted for minimum hum.
Zaikesman, I think Hagtech's suggestion is not difficult to implement if you use step-up transformers for MC cartridges. Just order step-up transformers with center-tapped at the secondary windings. In addition, as the signal from the catridge is noise canceled at the first winding, you get the advantage of balanced design at the input of step-up transformer. You have balanced all the way.
Yeah, you can receive the cart balanced using the tranny trick. As Eldartford mentions, you can also do it using a difference amp and matched resistors to a common mode voltage (such as ground). This, however results in a high common mode noise source of 47k ohms not shunted by the cart. So really, the source is more of a "floating" signal instead of balanced.

It's all relative.

jh