That's a logical question, Paulsax, but I can't envision how either a missing ground or a miswired outlet could cause something like this. No matter how the outlet were miswired or ungrounded it would seem that no more than the normal 120V or so line voltage would be put across the light string (unless, as Elizabeth and I suggested, the sub is adding a transient voltage spike on top of the 120V).
Regards,
-- Al