How To Measure "Current" In An Amplifier?


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I've heard lots of times that an amplifier needs lots of "current" to drive a low impedance load.  
Is there any measurement on a spec sheet that would measure current?  
A high watts per channel amp does not necessarily mean that the amp has high current.
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mitch4t
Good find, Hal, as the review makes clear that the design of the M6si draws significantly on the design of the M5si, and the relevant specs that are provided for both are not greatly different.

The total gain of its line-level and power amplifier sections can be calculated from the specified 270 mv sensitivity for a 150 watt output (presumably into 8 ohms) as being about 42 db. That is somewhat highish, but not unreasonably so, and given also the 91.3 db/2.83 volts/1m sensitivity of your speakers as measured in the Stereophile review (which corresponds to about 88 db/1 watt/1m in the mid-bass and lower mid-range regions where speaker impedance is around 4 ohms) seems consistent with the lowish volume control settings you are using. Especially if you are using digital sources, that typically have higher output levels than an analog phono stage would.

Possible indications of too much gain are overloading of circuitry that precedes the volume control in the signal path, which would manifest itself as obvious distortion, and depending on the design of the volume control mechanism the possibilities of excessively coarse resolution of volume adjustments that may occur at low settings, introduction of channel imbalances that would not be present at higher settings, and some degree of sonic degradation. But you would almost certainly have already perceived these kinds of things if they were occurring to any significant degree.

As far as power and low impedance drive capability are concerned, I note the following in the M5si review:
Rated at 150W/8ohm, the latest in Musical Fidelity’s ’super integrated’ amplifiers achieves 2x165W/8ohm and 2x265W/4ohm with 200W, 355W and 545W possible under dynamic conditions into 8, 4 and 2ohm loads, respectively.... While its output into the lowest 1 ohm loads is protected at 275W or 16.6A ... the M5si still looks capable of grappling with any likely partnering loudspeaker.
And I note that for a 2 ohm load the 16.6 amp figure corresponds very closely to the 545 watt maximum dynamic (non-continuous) power capability that is indicated.

So while the design falls significantly short of doubling its continuous power capability into 4 ohms relative to 8 ohms, and the considerably higher capability into 2 ohms appears to be limited to intermittent dynamic demands, it seems to me that the compromises that were introduced into the design in the interests of keeping the cost at the desired level were chosen judiciously and intelligently. Especially in the context of an application such as yours where the speakers have a combination of reasonably good sensitivity and the ability to handle copious amounts of power.

Best regards,
-- Al

Excellent discussion.  

I like looking at the amplifier bench tests that S-phile performs in their reviews to see if amplifiers live up to their claims.  Most do, some do not - and some are truly overachievers.  The O-scope does not lie!

Since we're talking about current I am always impressed with the Parasound JC1s (which I own) performance and current dumping capabilities.

"With continuous drive, the Parasound clipped at 545W into 8 ohms (27.4dBW)—way above the specified 400W. ("Clipping" is defined, as usual, as the power level where the measured THD figure reaches 1%, and is shown in fig.7 as the horizontal magenta line.) With a low-duty-cycle 1kHz toneburst more representative of music, the Halo was a powerhouse. Its clipping power increased by 0.3dB into 8 ohms, reaching 586.5W at 1% THD (27.7dBW, fig.7, black trace), with 1154W available into 4 ohms (27.6dBW, blue), 2255W into 2 ohms (27.5W, green), and no less than 4.2kW into 1 ohm (27.2dBW, magenta). The latter is equivalent to an output current of 64.7A!"

65 Amps is a LOT of juice!!


Mitch,

Like all deeply technical factors in electronics, the question of 'current output' capability gets convoluted real quick. In assuming you're not looking for di/dt ratings (instantaneous current, like at the edge of a square wave), the average current over time would be as Al indicates. Al's approach of seeing what appears like a limiting factor at 2 ohms (potentially current limiting coming into effect) could be the best rule-of-thumb approach. Damping factor used to be used, but it brings in more uncertainties than it answers.

The instantaneous current (di/dt) may be an answer to why some amps seem 'quicker' than others, or drive reactive loads better. In our work, we observe the difference between the current on the power rails vs. amplifier output current as a measure of the current drive capability. We do this with 2 high speed current probes and use the math function on the scope to produce a meaningful #. Depending on the amp type, this is a good indication when an amp is starved for current.

I feel it would be a fair expectation that amp manufacturers specify current limit values for their designs. Like regulator chips and power supplies. Hypex does call this out on the nCore units we work with for example. I'm sure Bruno had something to do with that.
One of my older amps has these specs:

150 watts RMS continuous, 8 ohms
300 watts RMS continuous, 4 ohms
475 watts RMS continuous, 2 ohms
Bridged mono:
550 watts RMS continuous, 8 ohms
800 watts RMS continuous, 4 ohms
1000 watts RMS continuous, 2 ohms
Output Current:
40 amps peak, continuous
90 amps peak, 0.1 ohm, 20 msec, 1 kHz

The ability to supply continuous current means a good power section, and the doubling into lower impedances also indicate a 'stiff' power supply.