Why are low impedance speakers harder to drive than high impedance speakers


I don't understand the electrical reason for this. I look at it from a mechanical point of view. If I have a spring that is of less resistance, and push it with my hand, it takes little effort, and I am not working hard to push it. When I have a stiffer spring (higher resistance)  I have to work harder to push it. This is inversely proportional when we are looking at amplifier/speaker values.

So, when I look at a speaker with an 8 ohm rating, it is easier to drive than a speaker with a 4 ohm load. This does not make sense to me, although I know it to be true. I have yet been able to have it explained to me that makes it clear.  Can someone explain this to me in a manner that does not require an EE degree?

Thanks

crazyeddy
Am I close????
You’re better than close; that’s exactly right :-)

I’ll mention also that the following equations can be derived by substituting some of the terms in equation 2 in your post above into equation 1, and doing some algebraic rearrangements, and these equations may add some further clarity to what has been said:

Power (watts) = (Volts squared) / Ohms

Power (watts) = (Amperes squared) x Ohms

It can be seen from these equations that for power to remain constant, as the number of ohms decreases voltage must decrease, while current must increase.

Finally, to be precise I should mention that we’re simplifying all of this a bit by making the assumption that the load is purely resistive. Volts x Amps = Watts in the case of a resistive load, but things get somewhat more complex when the load has a significant inductive or capacitive component, in addition to its resistive component.

Regards,
-- Al

To me it seems like if you need twice the amount of electrons to flow to a 4 ohm speaker than to an 8 ohm speaker, the amplifiers would need to work harder and in return wouldn't this cause more distortion?  Also, if it takes twice the amount of current to drive a 4 ohm vs an 8 ohm speaker, wouldn't this mean the 4 ohm speaker is less efficient.  However, you would think the 8 ohm speaker would be less efficient because it has twice the amount of resistance to the current.

I was told once a 4 ohm speaker requires twice the amount of current than an 8 ohm speaker.  Because a 4 ohm amplifier delivers twice the amount of current, would this in turn supply twice the amount of information to the speaker to create more detail in the music?
Higher impedance speakers are easier to drive to a point. A speaker with a 1000 ohm impedance isn't going to be very loud. We tend to call those things headphones and they're pretty useless from 10 feet away. Beyond a point, 16 or 32 ohm nominal, you're going to want an additional voltage gain stage to achieve the same power output as an 8 ohm speaker. Another gain stage is going to add distortion and coloration just as much as current demand at some point. 

It also must be appreciated that impedance and phase angle are useful tools to tailor a speaker for optimal behavior. You want the woofer to exhibit a big impedance spike at the port tuning frequency and for it to drop off at the bandpass. You want lower impedances where the driver is least effective. Speaker and amp interactions are too complicated to sum up into simplistic terms. More often than not I think the answers to questions like this are "It depends....". 
Since the OP thinks in mechanical terms, this analogy may best describe how speaker loads affect an amp.
Imagine the amp is a somewhat fragile flywheel that will fly apart at a certain RPM. If you apply a resistance (an 8 ohm speaker load in electrical terms) to the flywheel that is sufficient to prevent the flywheel from reaching critical speed it will not break. If you remove part of the resistance (think 4 ohm speaker) the flywheel will speed up. If you remove enough of the load, you eventually reach a point where the flywheel is spinning so fast it fails. Replace the concept of the flywheel speed with power output from the amp. The power an amp will produce is inversely proportional to the resistance to current flow. More resistance keeps the amp in check so to speak.