Does anyone care to ask an amplifier designer a technical question? My door is open.


I closed the cable and fuse thread because the trolls were making a mess of things. I hope they dont find me here.

I design Tube and Solid State power amps and preamps for Music Reference. I have a degree in Electrical Engineering, have trained my ears keenly to hear frequency response differences, distortion and pretty good at guessing SPL. Ive spent 40 years doing that as a tech, store owner, and designer.
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Perhaps someone would like to ask a question about how one designs a successfull amplifier? What determines damping factor and what damping factor does besides damping the woofer. There is an entirely different, I feel better way to look at damping and call it Regulation , which is 1/damping.

I like to tell true stories of my experience with others in this industry.

I have started a school which you can visit at http://berkeleyhifischool.com/ There you can see some of my presentations.

On YouTube go to the Music Reference channel to see how to design and build your own tube linestage. The series has over 200,000 views. You have to hit the video tab to see all.

I am not here to advertise for MR. Soon I will be making and posting more videos on YouTube. I don’t make any money off the videos, I just want to share knowledge and I hope others will share knowledge. Asking a good question is actually a display of your knowledge because you know enough to formulate a decent question.

Starting in January I plan to make these videos and post them on the HiFi school site and hosted on a new YouTube channel belonging to the school.


128x128ramtubes
Hi Ramtubes,
In response to my query about damping you asked for a link to Hegel
which is:
 https://www.hegel.com/

You will see they describe what they put into their components,  also when looking up integrated amps, the damping factor is specified eg their starter amp H90 is only 2 x 60 watt in 8ohms but the damping factor is over 2000 therefore capable of handling above average difficult speakers (but not mammoth difficult speakers!) As they quote " The grip, or damping factor as it is called, is up to 20 times higher than the industry average. Ensuring a dynamic and powerful bass response, even on larger floor standing loudspeakers."  
i’m late to thread but have a perplexing question. 
i own an expensive ss amp and leave it on 24/7.
i could turn it off when i’m not going to use it for a few hours as well as overnight. for amp longevity what is best? thanks
Are you familiar with Primare's UFPD power technology? Is it pure Class D or something else?
Ralph, what is OTOH mean? Im a newbee.The cords with diodes make a difference when needed. I think I have been clear and consistant here.

OTOH: On The Other Hand; other slang acronyms you may find handy:
IMO: In My Opinion
IME: In My Experience
IIRC: If I Recall Correctly
YMMV: Your Mileage May Vary
If there are only diodes in the cord, there will be no conduction near the AC crossover point. Electrolytics are thus used as I mentioned prior so that the AC waveform is undistorted. However, it appears you are conflating two different subjects in your comment above.

Your amp draws heaps of current when played hard. Something heavy ga might help a little at full power. At idle Im not so sure. I note the current draw of the M-60 goes up quite a lot at full power testing.

How long can I run an M-60 sinewave at 60 watts into 8 ohms before the tubes get unhappy?
Not very long, but long enough so that organ pedal tones and the like can be reproduced without damage. The tube is linear with grid current.


Is it pure Class D or something else?

It is a good example of class D.
Would very much like your advice on what occurred to me a few days ago with my ss stereo amp.
I own a large stereo ss amp and speakers that both allow for bi-wiring. Four connectors per side and therefore I utilize two separate connectors per speaker cable per side ( four in total on each speaker and amp side). i normally connect two positive and two negative to each respective amp terminal and speaker terminal...left and right. A few days ago, I was re-inserting the amp back into the system and was NOT thinking! This time, I connected the amp correctly, BUT I connected the speakers as positive and negative connectors onto wrong terminals! So, what I ended up with was a positive connection and a negative connection X 2 ( per side) at the amp side ( correct) and a positive and negative connection for each terminal at the speaker end...one positive cable on positive, one negative cable on positive, one negative cable on negative, one positive cable on negative. This was done on both speakers!!! I powered up and noticed that I was getting signal only through ONE speaker, the right hand speaker, with no signal from the left hand speaker! What was going on??? Why signal at only one speaker with this bad connection scheme?
Luckily after much head scratching, I realized my mistake and corrected the hook up...and then both speakers were playing fine. Again, any idea as to why i had sound from one channel...and not both or any? Could I have done damage with this bad connection error?
Thanks for the reply.