Why Power Cables Affect Sound


I just bought a new CD player and was underwhelmed with it compared to my cheaper, lower quality CD player. That’s when it hit me that my cheaper CD player is using an upgraded power cable. When I put an upgraded power cable on my new CD player, the sound was instantly transformed: the treble was tamed, the music was more dynamic and lifelike, and overall more musical. 

This got me thinking as to how in the world a power cable can affect sound. I want to hear all of your ideas. Here’s one of my ideas:

I have heard from many sources that a good power cable is made of multiple gauge conductors from large gauge to small gauge. The electrons in a power cable are like a train with each electron acting as a train car. When a treble note is played, for example, the small gauge wires can react quickly because that “train” has much less mass than a large gauge conductor. If you only had one large gauge conductor, you would need to accelerate a very large train for a small, quick treble note, and this leads to poor dynamics. A similar analogy might be water in a pipe. A small pipe can react much quicker to higher frequencies than a large pipe due to the decreased mass/momentum of the water in the pipe. 

That’s one of my ideas. Now I want to hear your thoughts and have a general discussion of why power cables matter. 

If you don’t think power cables matter at all, please refrain from derailing the conversation with antagonism. There a time and place for that but not in this thread please. 
128x128mkgus
Post removed 
elizabeth6,206 posts01-13-2019 1:44pmKudos to Enid Lumley who ’discovered’ lifting cables made an improvement.

>>>>>Actually her cable tunnels not only isolated cables from the deleterious effects of the floor or carpet in terms of vibration but the wood tunnels that supported the cables with rubber bands or string were treated to reduce static electrical charge effects. When I was at CES with Pierre of Mapleshade we supported all cabling from the ceiling using eye hooks and fishing line. That was 1997.

When she brought that discovery to the World via The Absolute Sound.. she was run out of town on a rail, figuratively
Sad.. I

>>>>>>You have to be tough, tough, tough. It takes a tough man to make a tender chicken 🐔
An observation: anyone having difficulty wrapping his head around power cords is really not going to like the subject of audiophile fuses. Now, coincidentally fuses go into AC circuits just like power cords do, and are widely reported to affect the sound, just like power cords, and share a lot of the same characteristics/variables with power cords like directionality, purity of metals, measurements don’t corroborate listening results, and RF rejection. And many of the arguments are the same, must be a crappy power supply, the power from the wall is clean, AC travels in both directions, if they’re so great why don’t manufacturers routinely put them in their amps, yada yada yada....
@mkgus

Gauge only effects wattage loss per distance/impedance and damping factor, being better for different frequencies isn’t true, and doesn’t even make sense.

https://youtu.be/G0ZQHTzYv9I?t=5m13s

Better shielding to EMI, nothing about affecting the sound of the music in regards to tonal quality or quicker transients.
Both videos state it’s the harmonics, so not sure your point.
Those are good harmonics aren’t they. Are you saying all harmonics are good? Harmonic distortion is good? DC offset, Harmonics), on the AC mains is good?
NO, a power cord will not block DC offset on the AC mains.

As for microphones, are you stating you are choosing your gear to make up the deficiencies in the recorded track?
Where did I say that?

Of course a $500 mic will be “cleaner” than a $5 mic, but don’t think that changing power cords or interconnects or speaker wire will negate any deficiencies of the microphone used in the recording.
Timbre.... Who said anything about power cords.
Will you hear a difference in timbre, quality, between a $500 mic compared to $5?

I also very clearly answered your question, unless talking ground loops, your power amp will not be affected by a light dimmer switch or your neighbor’s refrigerator.
No, you didn’t.

.
PS Audio sells “high end” power cords, and even he basically said, in his rebuttal to null tests, that their only real benefit is better shielding for EMI

When and where did Paul state that? I just watched a video of his where he says the gauge of wiring in power cables affects the frequencies: large gauge emphasis bass and small gauge emphasis treble. He said a good power cable uses both small and large gauge. I have found similar results in my experience. When I put a very large gauge power cable upstream of my DAC, I had to turn down the sub because the bass was much greater than with a smaller gauge cable. And if it wasn’t actually greater in quantity, then it did something to the bass that made me want to turn it down because it wasn’t as pleasing. I eventually swapped that cable out because it didn’t improve on what was there before. This experience reflects other comments I’ve read about matching the right cable gauge to the piece of equipment. Larger gauge isn’t necessarily better. 
You’re not going to answer my questions are you?

Again, Can they, (harmonics), pass through the windings of a power transformer of a piece of audio equipment? Can they be radiated? How far?

Specifically the harmonics created by,
A light dimmer.
Harmonics created by a switch mode power supply?
Harmonics created by a full wave bridge rectifier found in the power supply of audio equipment?

Surely you know the answer!
@jea48

Both videos state it’s the harmonics, so not sure your point.

As for microphones, are you stating you are choosing your gear to make up the deficiencies in the recorded track? If so, that’s the first I’ve heard of that rebuttal for not getting the most transparent gear (other than plain preference). And, that’s simply flawed as the mics used are not the same, so you are just chasing an imaginary problem.

Measuring the accuracy of mics is easy. Put out a signal and see what the mic recorded. My measurement mic for doing DSP for instance came with an individual/unique calibration file to make sure it’s accurate.

Of course a $500 mic will be “cleaner” than a $5 mic, but don’t think that changing power cords or interconnects or speaker wire will negate any deficiencies of the microphone used in the recording. 
 
I also very clearly answered your question, unless talking ground loops, your power amp will not be affected by a light dimmer switch or your neighbor’s refrigerator. 
mzkmxcv348 posts01-14-2019 9:59am@jea48

Any decent amp/DAC/pre will not allow any distortion from your other appliances to affect your gear, unless talking ground loops.

Stereophile (among other resources of course) has measured hundreds/thousands of pieces of equipment other than speakers, and most all preform to spec, and JA isn’t using any $5000 power cords, and he lives in a NY apartment/housing complex if I’m not mistaken. Are you saying you can get better than advertised specs if you upgrade the power cords?

PS Audio sells “high end” power cords, and even he basically said, in his rebuttal to null tests, that their only real benefit is better shielding for EMI, if you look at the measurements of their M700, BHK 300, DirectStream DAC, etc., I would like to see which graph/spec would be improved by using not the standard cord it came with, but the higher end ones they, or other companies, sell, disregarding EMI.

You didn’t answer my questions......

Again, Can they, (harmonics), pass through the windings of a power transformer of a piece of audio equipment? Can they be radiated? How far?

Specifically the harmonics created by,
A light dimmer.
Harmonics created by a switch mode power supply?
Harmonics created by a full wave bridge rectifier found in the power supply of audio equipment?

mzkmxcv346 posts01-14-2019 6:19am

Thanks for the response.

Timbre

Timbre is harmonics (overtones), this is easily seen by inputting a signal and seeing what the FFT/distortion graph looks like. I personally believe that no gear should have timbre, it should only be transparent and accurately reproduce the timbre of the instruments in the recording. Of course most speakers have timbre, but any expensive solid-state amp, DAC, or preamp that is competent will not have audible distortion/timbre.



@mzkmxcv

Definition of Timbre.

tim·​bre | ˈtam-bər, ˈtim-;ˈtam(brᵊ) variants: or less commonly timber Definition of timbre

: the quality given to a sound by its overtones: such as

a : the resonance by which the ear recognizes and identifies a voiced speech sound

b : the quality of tone distinctive of a particular singing voice or musical instrument

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/timbre




noun
  1. Acoustics , Phonetics . the characteristic quality of a sound, independent of pitch and loudness, from which its source or manner of production can be inferred. Timbre depends on the relative strengths of the components of different frequencies, which are determined by resonance.
  2. Music . the characteristic quality of sound produced by a particular instrument or voice; tone color.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/timbre


Quality of a sound.

Can one manufacturer’s microphone reproduce the sound of Jennifer Warnes singing into it differently than another manufacturer’s microphone? What test equipment is used to determine which microphone more accurately reproduces Warnes’ voice?

What baseline is used for the test equipment? In other words, what piece of test equipment was used first to capture the quality, Timbre, of Warnes’ voice as she was singing into the two microphones?

Would you agree with this video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=144QVYv__S4


Though here is a manufacturer’s video, would you disagree with what is said on the video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLoM9bBr8lc

.

@jea48

Any decent amp/DAC/pre will not allow any distortion from your other appliances to affect your gear, unless talking ground loops.

Stereophile (among other resources of course) has measured hundreds/thousands of pieces of equipment other than speakers, and most all preform to spec, and JA isn’t using any $5000 power cords, and he lives in a NY apartment/housing complex if I’m not mistaken. Are you saying you can get better than advertised specs if you upgrade the power cords?

PS Audio sells “high end” power cords, and even he basically said, in his rebuttal to null tests, that their only real benefit is better shielding for EMI, if you look at the measurements of their M700, BHK 300, DirectStream DAC, etc., I would like to see which graph/spec would be improved by using not the standard cord it came with, but the higher end ones they, or other companies, sell, disregarding EMI.
@ mzkmxcv



jea482,855 posts01-13-2019 10:54am


 mzkmxcv337 posts01-13-2019 10:42am




@jea48

Are you unaware that overtones are harmonics?

As for interconnects, as long as they are well enough shielded, then yes (at least in regards to audible changes).

@mzkmxcv

Harmonics? Yeah, I am aware of Harmonics. Can they pass through the windings of a power transformer of a piece of audio equipment? Can they be radiated? How far?


Again, Can they pass through the windings of a power transformer of a piece of audio equipment? Can they be radiated? How far?

Specifically the harmonics created by,
A light dimmer.
Harmonics created by a switch mode power supply?
Harmonics created by a full wave bridge rectifier found in the power supply of audio equipment?
.

Thanks for the response.

Timbre

Timbre is harmonics (overtones), this is easily seen by inputting a signal and seeing what the FFT/distortion graph looks like. I personally believe that no gear should have timbre, it should only be transparent and accurately reproduce the timbre of the instruments in the recording. Of course most speakers have timbre, but any expensive solid-state amp, DAC, or preamp that is competent will not have audible distortion/timbre.

Texture of the sound

Not sure what this actually means, so no answer.

the presence or absence of easily heard vs buried microdynamics in a passage

This is how “quick” the gear is. This would be the impulse response and the spectral decay/energy-time curve.

imaging

For speakers, it’s how the off-axis frequency response is in relation to the on-axis. If you look at the Lateral response graph done by Stereophile, the Vivid Audio Giya G3 for instance have amazing imaging, even at 90° it’s almost identical (the soundstage is super wide too though, so room treatment would be recommended). For amps, DACs, and preamps, this is the channel separation (crosstalk), channel amplitude mismatch, and channel phase mismatch.

whether the music sounds natural

I’d say the more transparent the more natural, unless you are implying the recording themselves don’t sound natural. As I’ve said though, blind-studies have shown we pretty much all like the same things, but the factor of how much bass and treble we like is a tad different, the amount of bass an audio engineer likes (pretty much no boost) is much lower than the amount of bass the average joe off the street likes, which is about 6dB more. However, the preferences of a smooth frequency response with the best imaging, with low distortion/resonances, etc. can be treated as identical.

rhythmic

I’d say this is the same as microdynamics, unless your defitnion is different than mine.

engages one emotionally or is presented in a mechanical and metronomic fashion

Come on dude, what does this even mean? I bet playing Sinatra’s ‘My Way’ on my car’s setup to my NY Italian relatives would be more emotionally engaging than any demo song played on a pair of Revel Ultima Salon2’s being powered by MarkLevinson gear.

The one thing I can tell you, which is a fact, is that even if you picked one speaker as a winner in a double-blind listening test, no one can tell you if you will like it sighted, as the brand, looks, and price all are factors, even if we try to disregard them. One of the tests Toole did was compare some nice looking tower speakers to a bookshelf+sub system that was much cheaper and plastic, and once the reviewers could see the product, they actually rated the sound quality as being worse.

Since no one listens blind, this is why I always suggest in-home demos/trials, and too look for companies that allow you to do so without charging insane return/restocking fees. Doesn’t matter if it’s the “best” speaker in the world, if it’s from a no-name brand, is not expensive as you thought, and is ugly, you likely won’t buy it.

I do find it interesting that we have not yet learned to take measurements and from those measurements tell if a piece of equipment will sound good to the ear. All good audio designers know this. You use objective science to get close to what you want in a power amp design, for example, and then you tweak and trial and error to voice the thing to sound great. For example, you might experiment with the types of caps, play around with surface mount or through-hole mounting, types of internal wiring and solder, or consider adding tubes. Tubes, for example, do nothing to improve the measurements - they add distortion - but there is a reason many of the best preamps ever made use tubes. They sound good, and you will not arrive at that conclusion by looking at measurements. You just have to listen. 
@mzkmxcv:
Timbre, texture of sound, the presence or absence of easily heard vs buried microdynamics in a passage, imaging and, most importantly, whether the music sounds natural and rhythmic and engages one emotionally or is presented in a mechanical and metronomic fashion. Indeed, we only have measurements for characteristics of sound which are within our knowledge. Not to dismiss measurements. They are important--for example I don't think an amp can sound good if it measures poorly, but an amp that measures well doesn't necessarily sound good at all. 

@gpgr4blu  
 
I wont argue about what someone else hears or doesn’t hear, but: 
 
limited universe of existing measurements that don’t come close to measuring all aspects of human hearing
 
I find this interesting. What do you think measurements can’t capture? I’m not talking preferences, but simply measuring: frequency response, THD, IMD, dynamic compression/linearity, crosstalk, channel mismatch, phase mismatch, noise floor, impulse, spectral decay, etc.
I can tell the difference between stock power cords and say, Audience, Audioquest or Shunyata high end cables--all of which I have, had or listened to in my system at length. I hear better and tighter bass, better microdynamics, dimensionality and pace or some combination of most of the above in all of them. These high end PCs all differ in character but all exceed, on balance, what stock cords bring to the table.
I often fail to hear differences in tweaks to my system but I hear the differences in PCs and ICs as clearly as I can hear the differences in room treatments. If others cannot hear these differences and rely upon the limited universe of existing measurements that don’t come close to measuring all aspects of human hearing, good for them--they can use lamp cord and save thousands of dollars on expensive PCs or ICs.
As for me, I’ll keep listening to my expensive PCs and ICs and enjoy the differences that they bring. There is no measurement that will convince me that I'm hearing 
@jea48 I really appreciated those quotes you posted. Thanks! With my power cables, I notice more slam/weight to the bass (which could be caused by the stock cord limiting current) and I notice cleaner treble (perhaps caused by issues with high frequency current limiting and it’s increased IMD). 
dentdog                                            
I have a 23 ft (7 meter) length from preamp to amp. XLR. and yes I can easily hear the differences in the cables I have used for it. Years ago, Kimber PBJ. Then  about 9 years ago Kimber Hero. Four years ago a complete fail of Cadas Parsec. (great at 1 meter, terrible at 7m) Then home made with Kimber wire, then two years ago i went for a $3,200 Kimber KS1116 XLR pair. best sound by far.              
And I am upgrading power cords and can hear each type as I upgrade. Your experience may vary. But all of it is hyped, both for and against. Sadly, you just have to figure it out on your own. Best advice... Use your OWN EARS. decide for yourself.
@dentdog  
 
For interconnects, balanced does result in a few dB lower noise floor/distortion, anywhere from 1dB to 10dB usually (depends on the gear used).
To throw something else out there, on many occasions Ralph (Atma) has noted that balanced equipment lessens the need of expensive interconnects. Does the same go for power cords? I run differential components sans the power amps. Entire system runs on Equi-Tech and BPT for AC. For the longest used Mcintosh MC60s with captive power cords and was advised not to change them. Upgrade (I hope) is coming.
Power cords will be needed. Does my balanced power relieve somewhat the need to go high end on the power cords?


My apartment is ALWAYS at 80F. 79F is ’too cold’. In the Summer, it can be 83F easy.. Maybe even 85F.. no problem. I am a Florida sort..
Even though I live in the North. Geoff already knew that...
I know mzk-etc cannot fathom my question. No problem dude. I forgive you.
The *velocity* of all the audio frequencies are changed equally when the temperature changes in the room. Be that as it may who would listen in a room that’s 60 degrees or 80 degrees, anyway? Answer at 11. Even if the temperature was 60 or 80 degrees the sound would be about the same as at 70. Mystery solved.
@elizabeth

The wave form hits the point in space.. how long does it take to touch pass and leave that point. It cannot be instantaneous.. it takes time. how much time? no one cares?? is it spending a lot of time there from start to finish. or fast? from start to finish. True frequency would make to whole thing faster, but ignore that. for any specific frequency, the wave front time from first point to last.. How long? can it be longer? being fuzzy? or faster, being tight? you have NO IDEA. If you say it cannot . be then you are claiming the wave is an infinite point? no time spread at all? Can it BE fuzzy? you don’t know that either

I don’t think you have a fundamental understating of how audio (in real life or in a Hi-Fi system) works. We do know of long a waveform should be (at a given temperature).

Here’s a nice calculator for 72°F:
http://www.mcsquared.com/wavelength.htm

A “fuzzy” waveform means distortion/noise.

You cannot make a wave faster/slower unless you change the temperature of the room. If you make it “faster” without doing so, all you actually did was change what the actual frequency is.

@jae48

I received two emails stating my posts were removed by a moderator, the one talking about how I can’t tell you what food you like, but I can tell you if the output of your speakers changed if you “upgraded you power cords, and another one thanking @stevecharm for the most sensible answer to my question, but then asked him what he thinks about how the OEM cables already provide the performance as stated in specs, and how audible changes could be if distortion and whatnot are already very low, keep in mind the THD of your speakers is magnitudes louder than the THD of a DAC.
mzkmxcv339 posts01-13-2019 11:30am@jea48

I don’t have a subscription to access AES papers, so nothing 100% credible, but here are some measurements of RCA cables. Of course it’s not Nordost Odin 2 or anything that ridicoulous. As for the stereo crosstalk, keep in mind even the worse offender is still well below the signal to be considered inaudible, and the 3” generic cable performed similarly/better than the 3” “expensive” silver one.

EDIT: Wonderful, just notified some of my comments were removed, even though they break none of the guidelines. Love the open discussion.

@ mzkmxcv,

Sorry, Not what I would call reliable credible proof. Who is the guy? What is his back ground? You’ll have to better than that. His bench setup could have caused his measurements to be flawed. Wouldn’t be the first time.


EDIT: Wonderful, just notified some of my comments were removed, even though they break none of the guidelines. Love the open discussion.
Notified by Agon through an email? Was the material copyright protected?
From my experience here on Agon they do not edit a post. They just remove the entire post.
OR
EDIT: Wonderful, just notified some of my comments were removed, even though they break none of the guidelines. Love the open discussion.

"Wonderful, just notified some of my comments were removed,".
Did you mean to say "noticed" instead of "notified"?
If you meant to say noticed it could be you did not proof read the page before posting it to make sure everything you typed was there on the page.

Maybe it’s just my computer but only on Agon if what I am typing goes beyond the bottom line of the message box it is not being saved. If you find yourself at the bottom of the page, add more space by hitting the enter key several times.









.




@elizabeth 
mitch2.. One part of you query is about what else can be in the powercord that is not being measured" (totally parphrasing, if in error, yell at me)
No yelling necessary Elizabeth, but that was not actually the question.  My questions were in response to Ralph's post from 1-11 at 1:55pm where he pointed out;
I’ve seen a power cord make a difference of nearly 30% of output power out of a power amplifier. I could also see that that was caused by a voltage drop across the power cord.
and
You can measure differences in output power, output impedance and distortion on many power amps just by changing the power cord- and many of these differences are simply caused by voltage drop.
and
There is more to it than voltage drop though. It also has to do with bandwidth of the power cord as it has to be able to provide current at high frequencies because rectifiers in power supplies often commutate (switch on and off) for very short periods of time, and if the current gets limited during that current pulse the power supply can’t charge completely.
I am curious then whether simply the wire gauge of the PC is the primary factor affecting the incidence and severity of voltage drop, which then affects power output and bandwidth.

I am not implying that is the only factor affecting power cord performance but, I am skeptical there is much more than wire gauge, geometry, wire type, shielding, and connectors that would make a significant difference.   For wire type and geometery, I suspect OFE/OFHC C101 copper and a twisted pair should be just fine, although a star-quad geometry would further lower inductance.  I would be interested in knowing what other parameters (than those listed) would make a meaningful difference in a power cord.
Kudos to Enid Lumley who 'discovered' lifting cables made an improvement. When she brought that discovery to the World via The Absolute Sound.. she was run out of town on a rail, figuratively   
Sad.. I am sure there are more examples of folks put down for recognizing things others refuse to see...                
Gee. what could some of those thing s be???
@mzkmxcv, if you have problem excepting mains cables can make an improvement in sound quality (try Sablon Reserva Elite for example our favourite mains cable) you will blow a fuse when I tell you cable lifting makes a difference if done correctly.
Yeah, he just cannot see beyond his own nose. He may be an AI.. a broken one. AI that cannot think out side the box are broken, or just a common computer.For the computer pretending to be an AI... You are looking at the wrong part. The wave form hits the point in space.. how long does it take to touch pass and leave that point. It cannot be instantaneous.. it takes time. how much time? no one cares?? is it spending a lot of time there from start to finish. or fast? from start to finish. True frequency would make to whole thing faster, but ignore that. for any specific frequency, the wave front time from first point to last.. How long? can it be longer? being fuzzy? or faster, being tight? you have NO IDEA. If you say it cannot . be then you are claiming the wave is an infinite point? no time spread at all? Can it BE fuzzy? you don't know that either. Never bothered to find out?
@elizabeth ,

As I've already mentioned, you're speaking to an AI program.
Just don't ask it: Hey buddy, what died in there, a cat?
😄

All the best,
Nonoise
@elizabth 
 
Changing the waveform’s “speed” is thus changing the frequency of the wave. 
 
Now, even though the US power grid is 60Hz, there is of course some allowed deviation, and there is deviation within our home’s wiring too. Clocks in microwaves, ovens, etc. all use the cycle rate to count time, so if one of your clocks runs faster/slower than the others, it likely means the outlet it’s connected to it constantly putting out less/more cycles (or the clock inside the equipment is just faulty). 
 
But no, changing power cords won’t make a 1kHz note suddenly become a 1200Hz one.
mitch2.. One part of you query is about what else can be in the powercord that is not being measured" (totally parphrasing, if in error, yell at me)      
Stuff only from my experience, and no one is agreeing in any way, but I will put it out there for some genius to decide to see it is is real....                                               
                       .                          
From my playing around with power.. cords, duplex, conditioners, I have 'made up' a theory that the wave form can be made 'THICK' or 'THIN" or fuzzy or tight. somehow using these things. and THAT is what changes the way stuff sounds.                          
Now the wave is not instantaneous. it takes time. How much time is normal. can it be tighter? IE arrive faster and leave sooner? can it arrive slowly and leave slowly. sure it is microseconds.. but still. Does it have time? are there timing errors? certainly in the industrial sector, where the power factor matters.. Does it matter in audio? can it be measured/ How much off matters to the sound? no one is measuring this.
@jea48

I don’t have a subscription to access AES papers, so nothing 100% credible, but here are some measurements of RCA cables. Of course it’s not Nordost Odin 2 or anything that ridicoulous. As for the stereo crosstalk, keep in mind even the worse offender is still well below the signal to be considered inaudible, and the 3” generic cable performed similarly/better than the 3” “expensive” silver one. 
 
EDIT: Wonderful, just notified some of my comments were removed, even though they break none of the guidelines. Love the open discussion.
See. again the need for proof is on the naysayers part. not the folks who can hear a difference. No one ’needs’ to prove anything. If you can’t hear it. NOT MY PROBLEM. I have no need to help you discover anything. It is like a big club. Membership requirement number one: Be able to hear differences in cables.So here is this guy(s) wanting to sneak in the back door? or claiming the club is "illegal" (?Because you wont let him in??) No way.. Ignore the heckler standing outside in the cold! eventually he will either: wear himself out fighting with shadows.. or discover he too CAN hear a difference. (amazing how many members used to be hecklers... )
Thank you @jea48 for your post with comments from Ralph, Nelson, and OLC.

I had a couple of questions about Ralph’s post yesterday but did not see an answer and then the thread seemed to spiral down a rabbit hole. Ralph’s response from your post covers my questions and Nelson’s comments and linked information address the amplifier end of things. BTW, OLC is posting again at Audio Asylum since he apparently no longer has conflicts of interest between his day job and posting on a public forum.

My questions from yesterday;

1. What characteristics of a power cord would affect voltage (i.e., cause a voltage drop) - is that primarily a function of resistance and wire gauge, or something else, and
2. What characteristics of a power cord would affect bandwidth?

Based on Ralph’s comments, it seems both the voltage drop and bandwidth issues are affected by the amount of current available to the power supply. This implies, bigger (heavier gauge) wire is better for PCs, and particularly when supplying power to large amplifiers, no? Both issues seem to be related to wire gauge size.

Shielding is another issue that comes up, with some believing PCs sound better when unshielded, which seems to contrast with the findings of OLC.

The connector thing makes sense that they should be substantial enough not to heat up upon use.

Therefore, it seems we are back to wire gauge, geometry, shielding, and connectors as being the factors affecting PC performance (notice I left out marketing, pixie dust, magic beads, and directionality (sorry Geoff)). Common sense would imply the PC should be at least as large as the household wire feeding the circuit (mine is 10 awg for 20A circuits and my DIY cords that feed two large mono amps are 7 awg). The conductors are twisted to reduce inductance, the cords are shielded to resist interference, and the connectors are robust and use actual copper for the connection. Don’t forget the quality of the wall outlets everything is plugged into. Somebody mentioned a direct connection rather than using an IEC and I agree. I had a direct connection on an amp Steve McCormack upgraded for me, but later I added an IEC so I could try different PCs.

The possibility of making DIY PCs from NM Cable (i.e., Romex) is interesting, particularly as Ralph believes that cable works well for power distribution. I looked into why Romex is not approved for use outside of the wall and the primary reason the code doesn’t allow it is that the covering is not considered robust enough to resist damage that might affect the wires - but it is suitable for the set it and forget it in-wall use. Another concern is that the large solid core wire in Romex may not be as resistant to multiple bending events. There is also some difference of opinion as to whether Romex can be used inside of conduit, with some seeming to think this is ok while others caution there could be a heat issue (inside of the conduit) that might affect the wire. Aside from those safety considerations, it might be fun to make up a couple of 10 awg Romex PCs to try on my big power amps - just to hear how they sound (but of course I would unplug them from the wall when not in use).
mzkmxcv337 posts01-13-2019 10:42am

@elizabeth

the treble has more clarity. easier to understand female vocals, hear cymbals clearly, massed violins sound as a group of separate instruments, not just some clump of noise



@jea48

Are you unaware that overtones are harmonics?

As for interconnects, as long as they are well enough shielded, then yes (at least in regards to audible changes).

@mzkmxcv

Harmonics? Yeah, I am aware of Harmonics. Can they pass through the windings of a power transformer of a piece of audio equipment? Can they be radiated? How far?

As for interconnects, as long as they are well enough shielded, then yes (at least in regards to audible changes).
Any proof? Actual test equipment measurements performed by credible 3rd party testing lab. Please produce a credible Link to a white paper showing ICs make a difference, why and how. Not theory, actual measurements.

.



@elizabeth

the treble has more clarity. easier to understand female vocals, hear cymbals clearly, massed violins sound as a group of separate instruments, not just some clump of noise

So less distortion and lower noise?

@jea48

Are you unaware that overtones are harmonics?

As for interconnects, as long as they are well enough shielded, then yes (at least in regards to audible changes). 
 
Do you think recording studios who spend >$10,000 on room treatment also are buying “audiophile” XLR cables?
"" Just curious what is your opinion on interconnects and speaker cables? Do they make a difference in what we hear? "" .
Giant (I mean huge!) can of worms being opened...                        
I can hear the worms slithering already....
mzkmxcv336 posts01-13-2019 9:04am@jea48

“Fullness” is a meaningless term, so not sure (do you mean deep bass?). Timbre is harmonics, so that’s easy.

However, no solid state amp should have timbre anyway, it should only output what the input signal dictates. However all amps have some THD/IMD, but when it’s 80dB down, it’s not important.


 Again, BS.
timbre noun tim·​bre | \ˈtam-bər, ˈtim-;ˈtam(brᵊ)\ variants: or less commonly timber Definition of timbre

: the quality given to a sound by its overtones: such as

a : the resonance by which the ear recognizes and identifies a voiced speech sound

b : the quality of tone distinctive of a particular singing voice or musical instrument

Fullness? As in the sound Jennifer Warnes voice singing "Famous Blue Raincoat".
Or the sound of the piano when listening to any of Diana Krall CDs.

Just curious what is your opinion on interconnects and speaker cables? Do they make a difference in what we hear?
.
""Upgrading the power cord on "ALL"..."" no one ever said that. It is true on some, maybe even many, but not all, which leaves your argument worthless.
"Extends treble response" nope. again a restatement of what was said to make it fit YOUR NOTION. not the person who said it. Generally SOMETIMES, (note the sometimes.). the treble has more clarity. easier to understand female vocals, hear cymbals clearly, massed violins sound as a group of separate instruments, not just some clump of noise. I would go on to add that usually this also means attack is sharper, cleaner.
Bass is usually tighter, less wooly, not louder
And then placebo. So far we have allowed the ’notion’ created by the naysayers that ’placebo’ is : ’bad’, ’stupid’ terrible’ ’a failure’. When those are THEIR colorations to the word. When in fact placebo is neutral. it is not judgemental. It is a statement that the (great and wanted) effect, has no known reasons. OK So then I say Placebo is GOOD, Fine, no problem, it works, and that is all that matters is the sound is better to YOU. If some other person wants to name that placebo,... THROW AWAY the negative markers THEY put on the word. Say so what if you call it placebo, it means nothing. neutral, only means you could not measure it. YOUR fail not mine.
If in YOUR mind that makes no sense, I cannot fix it for you. Your brain just is not able to make it work. Sorry.
I understand you want to engage, you think by constantly trying to invent a new way to debate you can somehow ’refute’ the things being said. Sorry it will never work. The things being said are an attempt to say in words what the person experiences. If the words fall short, it does not make the experience invalid. The experience is the basis. not the words. Where for the naysayer, it does seem the words are all that matter.So even if the words of the people who have had the positive EXPERIENCE of value added power cords falter. The experience stands. Where all you naysayers have are words, endless words. Like I mentioned before. "A picture is worth a thousand words" and in audio the sound is worth a million. You have about 999,023 more words needed to even start coming close to being meaningful.. Just keep typing.. you WILL get there.. (Number of words, not necessarily winning your case)
Post removed 
I would say you are not measuring the right things..... LOL.The measurement thing is your game, not mine.Why would I play by your biased rules??? When they are not what I base my judgements on? I like the fine art analogy. You idea is to measure the painting, not LOOK at it.
@jea48

“Fullness” is a meaningless term, so not sure (do you mean deep bass?). Timbre is harmonics, so that’s easy.

However, no solid state amp should have timbre anyway, it should only output what the input signal dictates. However all amps have some THD/IMD, but when it’s 80dB down, it’s not important.


mzkmxcv334 posts01-13-2019 8:49am@elizabeth  
 
If I can easily show that the sound coming out of your speakers is still the same regardless of “upgrading” power cords, what argument would the “believers” have then?

What a bunch of BS!
What test equipment do you use to measure for Fullness and Timbre?
@elizabeth

If I can easily show that the sound coming out of your speakers is still the same regardless of “upgrading” power cords, what argument would the “believers” have then?
colin44ct35783 posts01-13-2019 4:26amCAPS, the bigger the better, pump the current...limit voltage drops and drive the spl.Most transformers, the most expensive and important part have become so small over the years...but monster caps refreshed at 50-60 times per second does the job...if they can melt or brown a bus bar its all good!

@ colin44ct357

Sounds pretty simple doesn’t it?

This guy is a designer and a manufacturer of audio equipment.

I have to admit, the first time I heard how much difference a power cord could make, it really bothered me. It wasn’t like it was subtle.

But its not hard to measure the effects of a power cord and with minimal equipment, you can sort out what’s going on. I’ve already done that. So:

There are two aspects, AC voltage drop and high frequency current limiting.

AC voltage drop is the voltage dropped from the wall to the input of the equipment in use. I’ve measured a loss of 40 watts on an amp that makes 140 watts, so no-one should be surprised that that might be audible as well. I used a 3 1/2 digit DVM to measure the voltage drop and it showed around 3 volts. This was a pretty standard but inexpensive Belden cord. A more expensive Belden cord with heavier gauge showed a lessor drop and more power out of the amp. So no mystery here.

The second issue is the high frequency current limiting. This is a bit trickier to understand, but its not quite rocket science. Almost any power supply consists of a power transformer, rectifiers and filter capacitors. When the the transformer voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the rectifier commutates (a fancy word for turns on and conducts). At that point the filter capacitors can charge up and will do so until the power transformer voltage falls low enough that the rectifiers cut off.

At that point the circuit using the power supply drains the filter caps. Since this happens 60 times a second, the drain is usually not very much at all, so its only at the very peaks of the AC waveform that the caps are be replenished. There might be only a few microseconds or milliseconds that this can happen, and quite a bit of current might have to flow during that time, essentially a high frequency event.

If the power cord limits current during this period, the performance of the circuit using the power supply might suffer, possibly due to increased IMD since the DC might have a bit more of a sawtooth on it than if the current was not limited.

There are some take-aways; if the circuit is heavily regulated, the power cord will make less difference. If the connections at either end of the cord gets warm during operation, you can count on a voltage drop. How much the voltage drop in a power cord affects the audio performance depends on the AC wall voltage and the equipment itself.

A lot of people point out that there is wiring in the walls and from the power company and so on. Of course! But Romex is pretty high performance; if you could legally sell power cords made of Romex they would have excellent performance. But that would pose a fire and shock hazard so power cords are all about how to work with stranded wire.

One way to measure a power cord’s performance is to measure the effect it has on the equipment in use. This is how I discovered that 40 watt loss I mentioned. If you have enough time and toys, you can set up a microphone in the room and measure frequency response and distortion rather than just testing the gear on the bench. I have a customer that used this technique to test filter capacitors in the power supplies of his amps.

This guy is also a designer and manufacturer of audio equipment.

Power Supplies: Commentary for Consumers by Nelson Pass | Aug 1st 2009


In an amplifier, your utility, house wiring, power cord, and transformer provide the rain. The capacitor bank is the reservoir. The capacitors receive electrical charge every 1/120th of a second, reflecting two pulses of current from the transformer for every cycle of the 60 Hz sine wave provided by the power company.

These pulses are of relatively short duration, and it is up to the power supply capacitors to store energy during the 6 millisecond or so electrical drought that occurs between charge pulses. We want a constant voltage (water level) from our power supply, and this is usually achieved by the use of large capacitors which store more charge, and large transformers which provide as much charge as is needed. You get the idea.

Since we are not designing amplifiers here, but rather trying to get a handle on what constitutes quality in a market full of hype, I want to talk about some general ideas and comment on some of the common approaches used by manufacturers. Understand that we simply want a constant, noise-free, voltage to be available from a power supply, regardless of how much demand we place on it.

https://www.passlabs.com/press/power-supplies-commentary-consumers



Here is a post by an guy with a B.Sc.E.E degree. Note the date of the post, 2001.

Science and Power cords 194.255.242.135
    Posted by Ole Lund Christensen on April 21, 2001 at 16:49:18

    In Reply to: Dissenting OPINION posted by waVeman on April 20, 2001 at 14:29:44:

Some years ago a dealer wanted to show me the major improvement in sound caused by using a new power cord.
I was politely saying no, do not waste my time. But he insísted, and as he was an importantant dealer for my products, well I accepted to listen to a track on a CD, and then letting him change the power cord, and listen to the same track again.

Having a B.Sc.E.E degree I knew that nothing would happen, and he was just victim of the placebo effect and a "snakeoil" cable distributor.

So my brain was trying hard to ignore the message from my ears, I was hearing a major improvemnt of the sound.

But as the truth is more important to me than my pride, I had to admit to the dealer, that I heard this improvement he was raving madly about.

I left the shop, and spent 6 months trying to figure out what was going on.

When the power has traveled 20.000 meter through standard cheap cables and connectors and fuses from the power plant to the shop, why did the last 1 meter cable matter?

One day it hit me hard, it does not make sense because I am asking the wrong question.
the right question is: Why does the first 1 meter matter?
And the answer comes easy: Because the source of the problem is inside the power amplifier, it is not 20.000 meter away.
The power amplifier generates a lot of noise from the rectifier, and
the current in the power cord is very distorted.

So the power cord is an antenna, radiating noise to all other components and interconnects.
So a shielded power cord reduce the radiation, and different connectors and cable designs affect the high frequency signals.

Today all this is standard stuff, which you are required by law to measure to get EMC/CE approval in Europe, and there is lots of laboratories that measure this every day.

So I have learned to listen and consider carefully the next strange idea.

https://www.audioasylum.com/audio/general/messages/11/117899.html




.
To the question of the first aftermarket power cords... Not the exact date but early 1980s is a good guess Monster Cable was one of the founders, and might be THE founder of aftermarket speaker wires.. But anyway, yeah probably soon after the speaker cable upgrades started..             
Placebo, yeah, not the right word, it is stolen from another field and re-used. However the audio 'idea' behind the use of the word is a problem which might be strong enough to give the word a second useful meaning. Thus it becomes what it is used for. Thus saying placebo cannot be used is nonsense. If enough folks agree (and I agree too) then it becomes 'standard English'. So we all know what the word refers to in audio usage. No problem. That it means something different than the exact origin in drug clinical trials is not big deal I am certain the word existed BEFORE those trials, and was appropriated for that usage too. I can easily defend the use of the word but not the claims of the folks using it! On the other hand, perhaps the placebo effect is on the part of the naysayers. Thus they can hear the differences, yet their minds tells them there is not difference. Just as possible as the reverse placebo' claims.